The spotted hyaena moves in packs which average 10 to 30 animals, although sometimes they are found in groups of up to 80. Each marks out its territory with scents from anal glands and glands situated between the toes. They can cover large distances and have huge territories. Where clans chase and kill prey within the territory of another clan, they are usually driven off, and the prey is eaten by the owners of the territory.
The spotted hyaena, when in large enough groups, will drive lions and leopards from their kill and attack cattle kraals and even solitary humans. They have excellent night vision, as well as acute smell and hearing, and with this they hunt very successfully in the dark. Packs are controlled by a matriarchal female, and females form the social nucleus of the clan, which usually consists of extended family groups. Usually 2 to 3 young are born.